佛陀的重要法語二

11. 過安穩的彼岸是要用小木筏
大水流這邊岸充滿危險, 使人驚懼, 對岸則安穩, 不令人驚懼; 但這裡沒有船亦沒有橋幫人越過對岸。讓我採集一些草木, 樹枝, 樹葉來扎一個木筏吧。依靠這個木筏可安全的用手腳划過對岸。

ayaṃ kho mahāudakaṇṇavo, orimaṃ tīraṃ sāsaṅkaṃ sappaṭibhayaṃ, pārimaṃ tīraṃ khemaṃ appaṭibhayaṃ; natthi ca nāvā santāraṇī uttarasetu vā apārā pāraṃ gamanāya. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ saṃkaḍḍhitvā, kullaṃ bandhitvā, taṃ kullaṃ nissāya hatthehi ca pādehi ca vāyamamāno sotthinā pāraṃ uttareyya’nti.

Here is this great expanse of water, with the near shore dubious & risky, the further shore secure & free from risk, but with neither a ferryboat nor a bridge going from this shore to the other. What if I were to gather grass, twigs, branches, & leaves and, having bound them together to make a raft, were to cross over to safety on the other shore in dependence on the raft, making an effort with my hands & feet.

12. 過到彼岸才將木筏放下
木筏是用來渡河的, 不是供人執取的, 法也要捨棄, 何況非法。

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, kullūpamo mayā dhammo desito nittharaṇatthāya, no gahaṇatthāya. Kullūpamaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desitaṃ, ājānantehi dhammāpi vo pahātabbā pageva adhammā.

In the same way, monks, I have taught the Dhamma compared to a raft, for the purpose of crossing over, not for the purpose of holding onto. Understanding the Dhamma as taught compared to a raft, you should let go even of Dhammas, to say nothing of non-Dhammas.

<中部 22 蛇喻經>

13. 比丘應做兩件事
你們聚集一起時應做兩件事: 談論法義或保持聖者的沉默。

Sannipatitānaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ karaṇīyaṃ – dhammī vā kathā, ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo
When you have gathered you have two duties: either Dhamma discussion or noble silence.

<中部 26 尋求聖法經> <自說經 第二 目犍連品 2 國王>

14. 佛陀出家前的想法
那時我心想: 為什麼我在生法、老法、病法、死法、憂法、污染法之中而求生老病死, 憂及污染法呢?
讓我在生老病死, 憂及污染法之中而知道生的過患, 老的過患, 病的過患, 死的過患, 憂的過患, 污染的過患, 尋求無生的境界, 尋求無上安穩的涅槃。


Tassa mayhaṃ, etadahosi – ‘kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ attanā jātidhammo samāno jātidhammaṃyeva pariyesāmi, attanā jarādhammo samāno…pe… byādhidhammo samāno… maraṇadhammo samāno… sokadhammo samāno… attanā saṃkilesadhammo samāno saṃkilesadhammaṃyeva pariyesāmi? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ attanā jātidhammo samāno jātidhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā ajātaṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyeseyyaṃ, attanā jarādhammo samāno jarādhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā ajaraṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyeseyyaṃ, attanā byādhidhammo samāno byādhidhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā abyādhiṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyeseyyaṃ, attanā maraṇadhammo samāno maraṇadhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā amataṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyeseyyaṃ, attanā sokadhammo samāno sokadhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā asokaṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyeseyyaṃ, attanā saṃkilesadhammo samāno saṃkilesadhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā asaṃkiliṭṭhaṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyeseyya’nti.

"I, too, monks, before my Awakening, when I was an unawakened bodhisatta, being subject myself to birth, sought what was likewise subject to birth. Being subject myself to aging... illness... death... sorrow... defilement, I sought [happiness in] what was likewise subject to illness... death... sorrow... defilement. The thought occurred to me, 'Why do I, being subject myself to birth, seek what is likewise subject to birth? Being subject myself to aging... illness... death... sorrow... defilement, why do I seek what is likewise subject to illness... death... sorrow... defilement? What if I, being subject myself to birth, seeing the drawbacks of birth, were to seek the unborn, unexcelled rest from the yoke: Unbinding? What if I, being subject myself to aging... illness... death... sorrow... defilement, seeing the drawbacks of aging... illness... death... sorrow... defilement, were to seek the aging-less, illness-less, deathless, sorrow-less,, unexcelled rest from the yoke: Unbinding?'

<中部 26 尋求聖法經>

15. 法布施最勝
有二種布施 - 財施與法施。法施最勝。
有二種分享 - 財分享與法分享。法分享最勝。
有二種幫助 - 財受益與法受益。法受益最勝。
Dvemāni dānāni – āmisadānañca dhammadānañca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ dānānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammadānaṃ.
Dveme saṃvibhāgā – āmisasaṃvibhāgo ca dhammasaṃvibhāgo ca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ saṃvibhāgānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammasaṃvibhāgo.
Dveme anuggahā – āmisānuggaho ca dhammānuggaho ca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ anuggahānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammānuggaho.

16. 佛陀說法, 文義具足
老師宣說清淨的梵行，是由了解法義、徹底修習奉行。

sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetha
<如是語 4.8>