佛說第一經 轉法輪經

轉法論經 Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta

這樣讓我聽聞，一時佛在波羅捺斯城(Baranasi)近郊的鹿野苑(Isipatanamigadava)，世尊對五比丘這樣說：諸比丘，出家人應捨兩邊(anta pabbajitena na sevitabba)：沉迷於色聲享受，此為卑賤、低下、庸俗、無益。執迷於自我折磨，此為痛苦、可辱、無益。棄掉這兩個極端，如來了悟中道(Majjhima patipada: 中 + 道/方法)、增長知見(cakkhu)、趨向安樂(vupasamaya)、智慧(abhinnaya:這字含有神通的知識)、正覺(sambodhaya)和涅槃(nibbanaya)。

諸比丘，何為如來所悟增長知見、趨向安樂、覺悟、菩提和涅槃之中道？如來所悟中道為八正道，即正見(sammaditthi)、正思維(sammasamkappa)、正語(sammavaca)、正業(sammakammanta)、正命(sammaajiva)、正精進(sammavayama)、正念(sammasati)、正定(sammasamadhi)。

諸比丘，此是苦諦(dukkha-ariya-sacca:苦-聖-諦:真理)。生為苦，老為苦，病為苦，死為苦，怨憎會為苦，愛別離為苦，求不得為苦，總之，此五蘊之聚即是苦。諸比丘，此是集諦。輪迴(ponobhavika)之因即是貪，以情欲執著彼此，貪執感官享受(kamatanha)，貪執有生(bhavatanha)，貪執無生(vibhavatanha)。諸比丘，此是滅諦(dukkha-nirodha-ariya-sacca)。徹底遠離貪欲、捨離，由此而得解脫，無執。諸比丘，此是道諦(dukkha-nirodha-gamini-patipada-ariya-sacca)。此是八正道，即正見、正思維、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定。

此是苦諦。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界(cakkhum)、知識(nanam)、智慧(panna)、洞明(vijja)、光耀(aloko)。此是苦，我應知。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。此是苦，我己知。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。

此是集諦。諸比丘、我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。此是苦之因，我應斷。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。此是苦之因，我己斷。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。

此是滅諦。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。此是滅，我應證。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。此是滅，我己證。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。

此是道諦。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。此是道，我應修。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。此是道，我己修。諸比丘，我對聞所未聞之法生起眼界、知識、智慧、洞明、光耀。

諸比丘，於此三個方面，在我沒有真正以此十二種形式，明了四聖諦絶對真實如理之智之前，我沒有於此世間，包括天人、魔王、梵天，以及梵志人天之間，宣稱我己證得圓滿的無上正等正覺。諸比丘，於此三個方面，我以十二種形式，真正明了四聖諦絶對真實如理之智之後，我即向世間，包括天人、魔王、梵天，以及梵志人天等，宣稱我己證得圓滿的無上正等正覺。我生起知見和智觀(nanadassana)，得不可退轉的解脫，這是我最後一生，今後更無他生。世尊如是講說了此經，歡喜踴躍的比丘們歡呼讚嘆世尊之語。聽著如此精闢闡述的佛法，憍陳如尊者即得清淨無染的法眼(Dhammacakkhu)，覺悟了緣生緣滅之理。

當佛陀宣說轉法輪經時，眾地神高聲歡呼：此微妙甚深之法，非梵志、天人、魔王、至梵天所能說，今由世尊於波羅捺斯的鹿野苑開示。聽到這一消息，四天王天、三十三天、夜摩天、兜率天、化樂天、他化自在天、梵眾天、梵輔天、大梵天、少光天、無量光天、光音天、少淨天、無量淨天、遍淨天、廣果天、無想天、無煩天、無熱天、善見天、色究竟天，一切天人同時發出了喜悅的讚歎之聲。此時此刻，歡呼聲即時傳遍了整個梵天世界。於此同時，三千大千世界震動不止。一道毫光，遠勝於天人之光照亮了大千世界。世尊說：同修，憍陳如，你確實明白了，同修，憍陳如，你確實明白了。

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati isipatane migadāye. Tatra kho bhagavā pañcavaggiye bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘dveme, bhikkhave, antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā. Katame dve? Yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṃhito, yo cāyaṃ attakilamathānuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasaṃhito. Ete kho, bhikkhave, ubho ante anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati’’.

‘‘Katamā ca sā, bhikkhave, majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, bhikkhave, majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.

‘‘Idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ – jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, byādhipi dukkho, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ – saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā [pañcupādānakkhandhāpi (pī. ka.)]dukkhā. Idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ – yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā[ponobhavikā (sī. pī.)] nandirāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī, seyyathidaṃ [seyyathīdaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] – kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā. Idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ – yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo. Idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ – ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi.

‘‘‘Idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasacca’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ pariññeyya’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe…pe… udapādi. ‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ pariññāta’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

‘‘‘Idaṃ dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasacca’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ pahātabba’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe…pe… udapādi. ‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ pahīna’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

‘‘‘Idaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasacca’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ sacchikātabba’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe…pe… udapādi. ‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ sacchikata’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

‘‘‘Idaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasacca’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ bhāvetabba’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe…pe… udapādi. ‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ bhāvita’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.

‘‘Yāvakīvañca me, bhikkhave, imesu catūsu ariyasaccesu evaṃ tiparivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ na suvisuddhaṃ ahosi, neva tāvāhaṃ, bhikkhave , sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsiṃ [abhisambuddho paccaññāsiṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ.)].

‘‘Yato ca kho me, bhikkhave, imesu catūsu ariyasaccesu evaṃ tiparivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ ahosi, athāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsiṃ. Ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi – ‘akuppā me vimutti[cetovimutti (sī. pī.)], ayamantimā jāti, natthidāni punabbhavo’’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.

Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne āyasmato koṇḍaññassa virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.

Pavattite ca pana bhagavatā dhammacakke bhummā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ – ‘‘etaṃ bhagavatā bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmi’’nti. Bhummānaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā cātumahārājikā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ – ‘‘etaṃ bhagavatā bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ, appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmi’’nti. Cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā tāvatiṃsā devā…pe… yāmā devā…pe… tusitā devā…pe… nimmānaratī devā…pe… paranimmitavasavattī devā…pe… brahmakāyikā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ – ‘‘etaṃ bhagavatā bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmi’’nti.

Itiha tena khaṇena (tena layena) [( ) natthi (sī. syā. kaṃ.)] tena muhuttena yāva brahmalokā saddo abbhuggacchi. Ayañca dasasahassilokadhātu saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, appamāṇo ca uḷāro obhāso loke pāturahosi atikkamma devānaṃ devānubhāvanti.

Atha kho bhagavā imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘aññāsi vata, bho, koṇḍañño, aññāsi vata, bho, koṇḍañño’’ti! Iti hidaṃ āyasmato koṇḍaññassa ‘aññāsikoṇḍañño’ tveva nāmaṃ ahosīti. Paṭhamaṃ.


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